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      <title>PBEND</title>
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      <div class="title_refTopic" id="xps10_pagetitle">PBEND </div>
      <hr noshade="true">
      <h4 class="refClassification">Curved Beam or Pipe Element Property </h4>
      <p class="para_refTopic">Defines the properties of a curved beam, curved pipe, or elbow element (CBEND entry). </p>
      <div class="title_refCategory">Format: </div>
      <div class="refCategoryContent">
         <table border="1" width="100%" align="center">
            <colgroup span="1">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
               <tr>
                  <th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th">1 </p>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th">2 </p>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th">3 </p>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th">4 </p>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th">5 </p>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th">6 </p>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th">7 </p>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th">8 </p>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th">9 </p>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th">10 </p>
                  </th>
               </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">PBEND </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">PID </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">MID </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">A </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">I1 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">I2 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">J </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">RB </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">THETAB </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">C1 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">C2 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">DI </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">D2 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">E1 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">E2 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">F1 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">F2 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">K1 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">K2 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">NSM </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">RC </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">ZC </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">DELTAN </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" bgcolor="gray" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" bgcolor="gray" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" bgcolor="gray" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
            </tbody>
         </table><br></div>
      <div class="title_refCategory">Example: </div>
      <div class="refCategoryContent">
         <table border="1" width="100%" align="center">
            <colgroup span="1">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
            </colgroup>
            <tbody>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">PBEND </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">39 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">1 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">0.8 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">0.07 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">0.04 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">0.04 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">10. </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">0.5 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">0.4 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">-0.5 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">0.4 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">0.6 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">0.6 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">0.1 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
            </tbody>
         </table><br></div>
      <div class="title_refCategory">Alternate Format and Example for Elbows and Curved Pipes: </div>
      <div class="refCategoryContent">
         <table border="1" width="100%" align="center">
            <colgroup span="1">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
            </colgroup>
            <tbody>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">PBEND </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">PID </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">MID </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">FSI </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">RM </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">T </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">P </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">RB </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">THETAB </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">SACL </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">ALPHA </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">NSM </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">RC </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">ZC </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">FLANGE </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" bgcolor="gray" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" bgcolor="gray" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" bgcolor="gray" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">KX </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">KY </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">KZ </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" bgcolor="gray" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">SY </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">SZ </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" bgcolor="gray" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" bgcolor="gray" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" bgcolor="gray" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
            </tbody>
         </table><br><table border="1" width="100%" align="center">
            <colgroup span="1">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
            </colgroup>
            <tbody>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">PBEND </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">39 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">1 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">1 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">0.5 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">0.02 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">10. </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">10. </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">0.1 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
            </tbody>
         </table><br></div>
      <div class="title_refCategory">Fields:</div>
      <div class="refCategoryContent">
         <table cellpadding="9" width="100%" align="center">
            <colgroup span="1">
               <col span="1" width="14.68*">
               <col span="1" width="85.32*">
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
               <tr>
                  <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th"><b class="uiTerm">Field </b></p>
                  </th>
                  <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th"><b class="uiTerm">Contents </b></p>
                  </th>
               </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">PID </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Property identification number.  (Integer &gt; 0) </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">MID </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Material identification number.  See Remarks <a class="links" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="top.openFile('QRG/18topic_22.html#ref67693');return(false);">31-1</a> and <a class="links" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="top.openFile('QRG/18topic_22.html#ref85914');return(false);">31-2. </a> (Integer &gt; 0) 
                     </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">A </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Area of the beam cross section.  (Real &gt; 0.0) </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">I1, I2 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Area moments of inertia in planes 1 and 2.  (Real &gt; 0.0) </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">J </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Torsional stiffness.  (Real &gt; 0.0) </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">FSI </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Flag selecting the flexibility and stress intensification factors.  See<a class="links" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="top.popUpPage('QRG/linkInter_target_not_resolved.html#element:ref98544:-aux,-home','linkInter','menubar=yes,status=yes,resizable=yes,toolbar=yes,scrollbars=yes,location=no,directories=no');return(false);">&ldquo;Flexibility and stress intensification factors&rdquo; </a>in the <em>NX Nastran Element Library</em>. (Integer = 1-6) 
                     </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">RM </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Mean cross-sectional radius of the curved pipe.  (Real &gt; 0.0) </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">T </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Wall thickness of the curved pipe.  (Real &ge; 0.0; RM + T/2 &lt; RB) </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">P </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Internal pressure.  (Real) </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">RB </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Bend radius of the line of centroids.  (Real.  Optional, see CBEND entry.) </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">THETAB </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Arc angle of element.  (Real, in degrees.  Optional, see CBEND entry.) </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Ci, Di, Ei, Fi </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">The r,z locations from the geometric centroid for stress data recovery.  See Remark <a class="links" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="top.openFile('QRG/18topic_22.html#ref73066');return(false);">31-7. </a> (Real) 
                     </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">K1, K2 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Shear stiffness factor K in K*A*G for plane 1 and plane 2.  (Real) </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">NSM </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Nonstructural mass per unit length.  (Real) </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">RC </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Radial offset of the geometric centroid from points GA and GB.  See <a class="links" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="top.openFile('QRG/18topic_22.html#ref35863');return(false);">Figure 17-</a>.  (Real) 
                     </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">ZC </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Offset of the geometric centroid in a direction perpendicular to the plane of points GA and GB and vector v.  See <a class="links" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="top.openFile('QRG/18topic_22.html#ref35863');return(false);">Figure 17-</a>.  See Remark <a class="links" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="top.openFile('QRG/18topic_22.html#refSBLFj5lori');return(false);">31-8. </a> (Real) 
                     </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">DELTAN </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Radial offset of the neutral axis from the geometric centroid, positive is toward the center of curvature.  See <a class="links" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="top.openFile('QRG/18topic_22.html#ref35863');return(false);">Figure 17-</a>. See Remark <a class="links" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="top.openFile('QRG/18topic_22.html#refSBLFj5lori');return(false);">31-8. </a> (Real; Default is described in Remark <a class="links" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="top.openFile('QRG/18topic_22.html#ref18376');return(false);">31-4. </a>) 
                     </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">SACL </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Miter spacing at center line. See <a class="links" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="top.openFile('QRG/18topic_22.html#ref69198');return(false);">Figure 17-</a> and Remark <a class="links" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="top.openFile('QRG/18topic_22.html#ref93350');return(false);">31-9. </a> (Real &gt; 0.0) 
                     </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">ALPHA </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">One-half angle between the adjacent miter axes (Degrees). (Real) Required for FSI=5 with miter bend. See <a class="links" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="top.openFile('QRG/18topic_22.html#ref69198');return(false);">Figure 17-</a> and Remark <a class="links" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="top.openFile('QRG/18topic_22.html#ref93350');return(false);">31-9. </a></p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">FLANGE </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">For FSI=5, defines the number of flanges attached. See Remark <a class="links" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="top.openFile('QRG/18topic_22.html#ref74805');return(false);">31-10. </a> (Integer; Default=0) 
                     </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">KX </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">For FSI=6, the user defined flexibility factor for the torsional moment. (Real &ge; 1.0) See Remark <a class="links" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="top.openFile('QRG/18topic_22.html#ref65093');return(false);">31-11. </a></p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">KY </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">For FSI=6, the user defined flexibility factor for the out-of-plane bending moment. (Real &ge; 1.0) See Remark <a class="links" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="top.openFile('QRG/18topic_22.html#ref65093');return(false);">31-11. </a></p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">KZ </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">For FSI=6, the user defined flexbility factor for the in-plane bending moment. (Real &ge; 1.0) See Remark <a class="links" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="top.openFile('QRG/18topic_22.html#ref65093');return(false);">31-11. </a></p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">SY </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">For FSI=6, the user defined stress intensificatation factor for the out-of-plane bending. (Real &ge; 1.0) </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">SZ </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">For FSI=6, the user defined stress intensification factor for the in-plane bending. (Real &ge; 1.0) </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
            </tbody>
         </table><br></div>
      <div class="title_refCategory">Remarks: </div>
      <div class="refCategoryContent">
         <ol type="1" start="1">
            <li><a name="ref67693"></a><p class="para_item">For structural problems, MID must reference a MAT1 material entry. </p>
            </li>
            <li><a name="ref85914"></a><p class="para_item">For heat transfer problems, MID must reference a MAT4 or MAT5 material entry. </p>
            </li>
            <li>
               <p class="para_item">The transverse shear stiffness in planes 1 and 2 are K1*A*G and K2*A*G, respectively.  The default values for K1 and K2 on the first format are zero, which means the transverse shear flexibilities (1/Ki*A*G) are set equal to zero.  Transverse shear stiffness for the alternate format are automatically calculated for the curved pipe. </p>
            </li>
            <li><a name="ref18376"></a><p class="para_item">The neutral axis radial offset from the geometric centroid is default to the </p>
               <p align="center"><img align="bottom" src="graphics/bulkp-equ15.gif"></p>
               <p class="para_item">It is recommended that the default be used whenever </p>
               <p align="center"><img align="bottom" src="graphics/bulkp-equ16.gif"></p>
               <p class="para_item">in which case the default value of &Delta;<em>N</em> is within 5% of the exact expression for circular or rectangular cross sections.  For the alternate format, the neutral axis offset is calculated from an analytical expression for a hollow or solid circular cross section. 
               </p>
               <p class="para_item">The user may compute an exact value for <em>N</em> as follows: 
               </p>
               <p align="center"><img align="bottom" src="graphics/bulkp-equ17.gif"></p>
               <p class="para_item">where </p>
               <p align="center"><img align="bottom" src="graphics/bulkp-equ18.gif"></p>
               <p class="para_item">The integration is carried out over the cross section of the element. </p>
            </li>
            <li>
               <p class="para_item">If T is zero, a solid circular cross section of radius RM is assumed and FSI must be 1. </p>
            </li>
            <li>
               <p class="para_item">If the first format is used, third-order moments are neglected for the consistent mass matrix.  These moments are zero whenever the cross section of the beam is symmetric about both the r and z axes. </p>
            </li>
            <li><a name="ref73066"></a><p class="para_item">If the circular cross-sectional property entry format is used, the stress points are automatically located at the points indicated in <a class="links" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="top.openFile('QRG/18topic_22.html#ref35863');return(false);">Figure 17-</a>. 
               </p>
            </li>
            <li><a name="refSBLFj5lori"></a><p class="para_item">Offset vectors are treated like rigid elements and are therefore subject to the same limitations. </p>
               <ul>
                  <li>
                     <p class="para_item">Offset vectors are not affected by thermal loads. </p>
                  </li>
                  <li>
                     <p class="para_item">The specification of offset vectors is not recommended in solution sequences that compute differential stiffness because the offset vector remains parallel to its original orientation.  (Differential stiffness is computed in buckling analysis provided in SOLs 5, 16, 105, and 200 and also nonlinear analysis provided in SOLs 106, 129, 153, and 159 with PARAM,LGDISP,1.) </p>
                  </li>
               </ul>
            </li>
            <li><a name="ref93350"></a><p class="para_item">For FSI=5, an elbow bend will be assumed if ALPHA is not defined (i.e. blank). If ALPHA is defined and SACL is not defined, then the widely spaced miter bend factors will be used. When both SACL and ALPHA are defined, the closely spaced miter bend factors will be used if the spacing at center line is less than RM*(1+tan(ALPHA) where RM is the mean cross-sectional radius of the cuved pipe. </p>
            </li>
            <li><a name="ref74805"></a><p class="para_item">The FLANGE option is only supported when FSI=5 for elbow and closely spaced miter bend. </p>
            </li>
            <li><a name="ref65093"></a><p class="para_item">If a value less than 1 is entered for KX, KY, or KZ, its value will be reset to 1.0, a warning will be issued and the solve will continue. </p><a name="ref35863"></a><div class="figure">
                  <p align="center"><img align="bottom" src="graphics/bulkp-fig08.gif"></p>
               </div>
               <div class="title_figure">Figure. PBEND Circular Cross Section </div><a name="ref87298"></a><div class="figure">
                  <p align="center"><img align="bottom" src="graphics/bulkp-fig09.gif"></p>
               </div>
               <div class="title_figure">Figure. PBEND Element Coordinate System </div><a name="ref49005"></a><div class="figure">
                  <p align="center"><img align="bottom" src="graphics/bulkp-fig10.gif"></p>
               </div>
               <div class="title_figure">Figure.  PBEND Circular Cross Section Element Coordinate System </div><a name="ref69198"></a><div class="figure">
                  <p align="center"><img align="bottom" src="graphics/bulkp-fig11.gif"></p>
               </div>
               <div class="title_figure">Figure. Definition of SACL and ALPHA</div>
               <p class="para_item">Where:</p>
               <p class="para_item">for a closely spaced miter:</p>
               <p align="left"><img align="bottom" src="graphics/bulkp-equ19.gif"></p>
               <p class="para_item">for a widely spaced miter:</p>
               <p align="left"><img align="bottom" src="graphics/bulkp-equ20.gif"></p>
            </li>
         </ol>
      </div>
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