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      <title>CPENTA</title>
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      <div class="title_refTopic" id="xps10_pagetitle">CPENTA </div>
      <hr noshade="true">
      <h4 class="refClassification">Five-Sided Solid Element Connection </h4>
      <p class="para_refTopic">Defines the connections of a five-sided solid element with six to fifteen grid points. </p>
      <div class="title_refCategory">Format: </div>
      <div class="refCategoryContent">
         <table border="1" width="100%" align="center">
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            <thead>
               <tr>
                  <th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th">1 </p>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th">2 </p>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th">3 </p>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th">4 </p>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th">5 </p>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th">6 </p>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th">7 </p>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th">8 </p>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th">9 </p>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th">10 </p>
                  </th>
               </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">CPENTA </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">EID </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">PID </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">G1 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">G2 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">G3 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">G4 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">G5 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">G6 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">G7 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">G8 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">G9 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">G10 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">G11 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">G12 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">G13 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">G14 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">G15 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" bgcolor="gray" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" bgcolor="gray" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" bgcolor="gray" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" bgcolor="gray" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" bgcolor="gray" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" bgcolor="gray" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" bgcolor="gray" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" bgcolor="gray" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
            </tbody>
         </table><br></div>
      <div class="title_refCategory">Example: </div>
      <div class="refCategoryContent">
         <table border="1" width="100%" align="center">
            <colgroup span="1">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
               <col span="1" width="10*">
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            </colgroup>
            <tbody>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">CPENTA </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">112 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">2 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">3 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">15 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">14 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">4 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">103 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">115 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">5 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">16 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">8 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">120 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">125 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">130 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
            </tbody>
         </table><br></div>
      <div class="title_refCategory">Fields:</div>
      <div class="refCategoryContent">
         <table cellpadding="9" width="100%" align="center">
            <colgroup span="1">
               <col span="1" width="13.37*">
               <col span="1" width="56.56*">
               <col span="1" width="17.64*">
               <col span="1" width="12.43*">
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
               <tr>
                  <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th"><b class="uiTerm">Field </b></p>
                  </th>
                  <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th"><b class="uiTerm">Contents </b></p>
                  </th>
                  <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th"><b class="uiTerm">Type </b></p>
                  </th>
                  <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th"><b class="uiTerm">Default </b></p>
                  </th>
               </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">EID </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Element identification number. </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Integer &gt; 0 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Required </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">PID </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Property identification number of a PSOLID or PLSOLID entry. </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Integer &gt; 0 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Required </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Gi </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Identification numbers of connected grid points. </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Integer &ge; 0 or blank </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Required </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
            </tbody>
         </table><br><a name="ref81469"></a><div class="figure">
            <p align="center"><img align="bottom" src="graphics/bulkc2-fig08.gif"></p>
         </div>
         <div class="title_figure">Figure. CPENTA Element Connection </div>
      </div>
      <div class="title_refCategory">Remarks: </div>
      <div class="refCategoryContent">
         <ol type="1" start="1">
            <li>
               <p class="para_item">Element ID numbers must be unique with respect to all other element ID numbers. </p>
            </li>
            <li>
               <p class="para_item">The topology of the diagram must be preserved; i.e., G1, G2, and G3 define a triangular face, G1, G10, and G4 are on the same edge, etc. </p>
            </li>
            <li>
               <p class="para_item">The edge grid points, G7 to G15, are optional.  Any or all of them may be deleted.  In the example shown, G10, G11, and G12 have been deleted.  The continuations are not required if all edge grid points are deleted. </p>
            </li>
            <li>
               <p class="para_item">Components of stress are output in the material coordinate system except for hyperelastic elements, which are output in the basic coordinate system. </p>
            </li>
            <li>
               <p class="para_item">For nonhyperelastic elements the element coordinate system for the CPENTA element is derived accordingly.  The origin of the coordinate system is located at the midpoint of the straight line connecting the points G1 and G4.  The Z axis points toward the triangle G4-G5-G6 and is oriented somewhere between the line joining the centroids of the triangular faces and a line perpendicular to the midplane.  The midplane contains the midpoints of the straight lines between the triangular faces.  The X and Y axes are perpendicular to the Z axis and point in a direction toward, but not necessarily intersecting, the edges G2 through G5 and G3 through G6, respectively. </p><a name="ref11089"></a><div class="figure">
                  <p align="center"><img align="bottom" src="graphics/bulkc2-fig09.gif"></p>
               </div>
               <div class="title_figure">Figure. CPENTA Element Coordinate System </div>
            </li>
            <li>
               <p class="para_item">It is recommended that the edge grid points be located within the middle third of the edge. </p>
            </li>
            <li>
               <p class="para_item">For hyperelastic elements, the plot codes are specified under the CPENTAFD element name in <a class="links" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="top.openFile('QRG/09ref75809_1.html');return(false);">&ldquo;Item Codes&rdquo; </a>. 
               </p>
            </li>
            <li>
               <p class="para_item">If a CPENTA element is referenced on a PSET or PVAL entry, then a p-version formulation is used and the element can have curved edges. </p>
               <ul>
                  <li>
                     <p class="para_item">If a curved edge of a p-element is shared by an h-element without midside nodes, the geometry of the edge is ignored and set straight. </p>
                  </li>
                  <li>
                     <p class="para_item">Elements with midside nodes cannot be p-elements and edges with midside nodes cannot be shared by p-elements. </p>
                  </li>
               </ul>
            </li>
            <li>
               <p class="para_item">By default, all of the nine edges of the element are considered straight unless: </p>
               <ul>
                  <li>
                     <p class="para_item">For p-elements there is an FEEDGE or FEFACE entry that contains the two grids of any edge of this element. In this case, the geometry of the edge is used in the element. </p>
                  </li>
                  <li>
                     <p class="para_item">For h-elements any of G7 through G15 are specified. </p>
                  </li>
               </ul>
            </li>
         </ol>
      </div>
      <div class="title_refCategory">Remarks related to SOLs 601 and 701: </div>
      <div class="refCategoryContent">
         <ol type="1" start="1">
            <li>
               <p class="para_item">For SOL 601, only elements with 6 or 15 grid points are allowed, i.e., either all edge points G7 to G15 are specified or no edge points are specified. For SOL 701, only elements with 6 grid points are allowed. </p>
            </li>
            <li>
               <p class="para_item">For SOL 601, when ELCV=1 is specified in NXSTRAT (see Remark 2 (SOL 601) in the CHEXA entry), 15-node CPENTA elements will be converted to 21-node elements (5 additional nodes on the centroid of the five faces and 1 additional node at the centroid of the element). </p>
            </li>
         </ol>
      </div>
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