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      <title>STRAIN</title>
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      <div class="title_refTopic" id="xps10_pagetitle">STRAIN </div>
      <hr noshade="true">
      <h4 class="refClassification">Element Strain Output Request </h4>
      <p class="para_refTopic">Requests the form and type of strain output. Note:  ELSTRAIN is an equivalent command.</p>
      <div class="title_refCategory">Format: </div>
      <div class="refCategoryContent">
         <p align="center"><img align="bottom" src="graphics/casecontrol4a-ufig74.gif"></p>
      </div>
      <div class="title_refCategory">Examples: </div>
      <div class="refCategoryContent"><pre class="indent">STRAIN=5
STRAIN(CORNER)=ALL
STRAIN(PRINT,PHASE)=15
STRAIN(PLOT)=ALL</pre></div>
      <div class="title_refCategory">Describers:</div>
      <div class="refCategoryContent">
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                  <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th"><b class="uiTerm">Describer </b></p>
                  </th>
                  <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th"><b class="uiTerm">Meaning </b></p>
                  </th>
               </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">SORT1 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Output will be presented as a tabular listing of elements for each load, frequency, eigenvalue, or time, depending on the solution sequence. </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">SORT2 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Output will be presented as a tabular listing of frequency or time for each element. </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">PRINT </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">The printer will be the output medium. </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">PUNCH </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">The punch file will be the output medium. </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
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                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">PLOT </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Generates strain for the requested set but no printer output. </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">REAL or IMAG </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Requests rectangular format (real and imaginary) of complex output.  Use of either REAL or IMAG yields the same output. </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
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                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">PHASE </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Requests polar format (magnitude and phase) of complex output.  Phase output is in degrees. </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
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                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">PSDF </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Requests the power spectral density function be calculated for random analysis post-processing. The request must be made above the subcase level and RANDOM must be selected in the Case Control. See remark 10.</p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">ATOC </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Requests the autocorrelation function be calculated for random analysis post-processing. The request must be made above the subcase level and RANDOM must be selected in the Case Control. See remark 10.</p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">CRMS </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Requests the cumulative root mean square function be calculated for random analysis post-processing. Request must be made above the subcase level and RANDOM must be made in the Case Control. See remark 10.</p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
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                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">RALL</p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Requests all of PSDF, ATOC, and CRMS be calculated for random analysis post-processing. The request must be made above the subcase level and RANDOM must be selected in the Case Control. See remark 10.</p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">RPRINT</p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Writes random analysis results to the print file. (Default) See remark 10.</p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">NORPRINT</p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Disables the writing of random analysis results to the print file. See remark 10.</p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">RPUNCH</p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Writes random analysis results to the punch file. See remark 10.</p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">VONMISES </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">von Mises strains are output. </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">MAXS or SHEAR </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Maximum shear strains are output. </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
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                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">STRCUR </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Strain at the reference plane and curvatures is output for plate elements. </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">FIBER </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Strain at locations Z1, Z2 is computed for plate elements. </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">CENTER </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Outputs CQUAD4, CQUADR, CTRIAR strains at the center only. </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">CORNER or BILIN </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Outputs CQUAD4, CQUADR, CTRIAR element strains at the center and grid points using strain gage approach with bilinear extrapolation. </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">SGAGE </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Outputs CQUAD4 element strains at the center and grid points using strain gage approach. </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">CUBIC </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Outputs CQUAD4 element strains at the center and grid points using cubic bending correction. </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">ALL </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Output strain for all elements. </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">n </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Set identification of a previously appearing SET command.  Only strain for elements with identification numbers that appear on this SET command will be output.  (Integer&gt;0) </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">NONE </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">No element strain will be output. </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
            </tbody>
         </table><br></div>
      <div class="title_refCategory">Remarks: </div>
      <div class="refCategoryContent">
         <ol type="1" start="1">
            <li>
               <p class="para_item">In SOLs 106 and 129, the STRAIN request pertains only to linear elements and only if the parameter LGDISP is -1, which is the default.  Nonlinear strains for nonlinear elements are requested by the STRESS command and appear in the nonlinear stress output. </p>
            </li>
            <li>
               <p class="para_item">Both PRINT and PUNCH may be requested. </p>
            </li>
            <li>
               <p class="para_item">STRAIN=NONE overrides an overall output request. </p>
            </li>
            <li>
               <p class="para_item">The PLOT option is used when strains are requested for postprocessing but no printer output is desired. </p>
            </li>
            <li>
               <p class="para_item">Definitions of stress, strain, curvature, and output locations are given in the <em>NX Nastran Element Library Reference Manual</em>. 
               </p>
            </li>
            <li>
               <p class="para_item">If the STRCUR option is selected, the values of Z1 will be set to 0.0. and Z2 will be set to -1.0 on the output. </p>
            </li>
            <li>
               <p class="para_item">The VONMISES, MAXS, and SHEAR options are ignored in the complex eigenvalue and frequency response solution sequences. </p>
            </li>
            <li>
               <p class="para_item">The options CENTER, CORNER, CUBIC, SGAGE, and BILIN are recognized only in the first subcase and determine the option to be used in all subsequent subcases with the STRESS, STRAIN, and FORCE commands.  (In superelement analysis, the first subcase refers to the first subcase of each superelement.  Therefore, it is recommended that these options be specified above all subcases.)  Consequently, options specified in subcases other than the first subcase will be ignored.  See also <a class="links" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="top.openFile('QRG/05ref73192_57.html');return(false);">FORCE</a> command for further discussion. 
               </p>
            </li>
            <li>
               <p class="para_item">See <a class="links" href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="top.openFile('QRG/05ref73192_40.html');return(false);">DISPLACEMENT</a> for a discussion of SORT1 and SORT2. 
               </p>
            </li>
            <li>
               <p class="para_item">The option of PSDF, ATOC, CRMS, and RALL, or any combination of them can be selected for random analysis. The results can be either printed to the .f06 file, punched to the punch file, or output to both files using RPRINT and RPUNCH.</p>
            </li>
         </ol>
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