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      <div class="title_refTopic" id="xps10_pagetitle">MAT8 </div>
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      <h4 class="refClassification">Shell Element Orthotropic Material Property Definition </h4>
      <p class="para_refTopic">Defines the material property for an orthotropic material for isoparametric shell elements. </p>
      <div class="title_refCategory">Format: </div>
      <div class="refCategoryContent">
         <table border="1" width="100%" align="center">
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            <thead>
               <tr>
                  <th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th">1 </p>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th">2 </p>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th">3 </p>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th">4 </p>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th">5 </p>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th">6 </p>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th">7 </p>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th">8 </p>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th">9 </p>
                  </th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th">10 </p>
                  </th>
               </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">MAT8 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">MID </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">E1 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">E2 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">NU12 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">G12 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">G1Z </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">G2Z </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">RHO </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">A1 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">A2 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">TREF </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">Xt </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">Xc </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">Yt </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">Yc </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">S </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">GE </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">F12 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">STRN </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" bgcolor="gray" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" bgcolor="gray" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" bgcolor="gray" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" bgcolor="gray" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" bgcolor="gray" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" bgcolor="gray" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
            </tbody>
         </table><br></div>
      <div class="title_refCategory">Example: </div>
      <div class="refCategoryContent">
         <table border="1" width="100%" align="center">
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                     <p class="para_td">MAT8 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">171 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">30.+6 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">1.+6 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">0.3 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">2.+6 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">3.+6 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">1.5+6 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">0.056 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">28.-6 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">1.5-6 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">155.0 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">1.+4 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">1.5+4 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">2.+2 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">8.+2 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">1.+3 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">1.-4 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">1.0 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_td">&nbsp; </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
            </tbody>
         </table><br></div>
      <div class="title_refCategory">Fields:</div>
      <div class="refCategoryContent">
         <table cellpadding="9" width="100%" align="center">
            <colgroup span="1">
               <col span="1" width="16*">
               <col span="1" width="84*">
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
               <tr>
                  <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th"><b class="uiTerm">Field </b></p>
                  </th>
                  <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
                     <p class="para_th"><b class="uiTerm">Contents </b></p>
                  </th>
               </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">MID </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Material identification number.  Referenced on a PSHELL or PCOMP entry only.  (0 &lt; Integer &lt; 1000000000) </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">E1 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Modulus of elasticity in longitudinal direction, also defined as the fiber direction or 1-direction.  (Real &ne; 0.0) </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">E2 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Modulus of elasticity in lateral direction, also defined as the matrix direction or 2-direction.  (Real &ne; 0.0) </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">NU12 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Poisson&rsquo;s ratio (ϵ<sub class="subscript">2</sub>/ϵ<sub class="subscript">1</sub> for uniaxial loading in 1-direction).  Note that &nu;<sub class="subscript">21</sub>=ϵ<sub class="subscript">1</sub>/ϵ<sub class="subscript">2</sub> for uniaxial loading in 2-direction is related to &nu;<sub class="subscript">12</sub>, <em>E</em><sub class="subscript">1</sub>, and <em>E</em><sub class="subscript">2</sub> by the relation &nu;<sub class="subscript">12</sub><em>E</em><sub class="subscript">2</sub>=&nu;<sub class="subscript">21</sub><em>E</em><sub class="subscript">1</sub>.  (Real) 
                     </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">G12 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">In-plane shear modulus.  (Real &ge; 0.0; Default = 0.0) </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">G1Z </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Transverse shear modulus for shear in 1-Z plane.  (Real &gt; 0.0; Default implies infinite shear modulus.) </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">G2Z </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Transverse shear modulus for shear in 2-Z plane.  (Real &gt; 0.0; Default implies infinite shear modulus.) </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">RHO </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Mass density.  (Real) </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Ai </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Thermal expansion coefficient in i-direction.  (Real) </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">TREF </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Reference temperature for the calculation of thermal loads, or a temperature-dependent thermal expansion coefficient.  See Remarks 4 and 5. (Real or blank) </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Xt, Xc </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Allowable stresses or strains in tension and compression, respectively, in the longitudinal direction.  Required if failure index is desired.  See the FT field on the PCOMP entry.  (Real &gt; 0.0; Default value for Xc is Xt.) </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Yt, Yc </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Allowable stresses or strains in tension and compression, respectively, in the lateral direction.  Required if failure index is desired.  (Real &gt; 0.0; Default value for Yc is Yt.) </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">S </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Allowable stress or strain for in-plane shear.  See the FT field on the PCOMP entry.  (Real &gt; 0.0) </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">GE </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Structural damping coefficient.  See Remarks 4 and 6. (Real) </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">F12 </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Interaction term in the tensor polynomial theory of Tsai-Wu.  Required if failure index by Tsai-Wu theory is desired and if value of F12 is different from 0.0.  See the FT field on the PCOMP entry.  (Real) </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
               <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">STRN </p>
                  </td>
                  <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">For the maximum strain theory only (see STRN in PCOMP entry).  Indicates whether Xt, Xc, Yt, Yc, and S are stress or strain allowables.  [Real = 1.0 for strain allowables; blank (Default) for stress allowables.] </p>
                  </td>
               </tr>
            </tbody>
         </table><br></div>
      <div class="title_refCategory">Remarks: </div>
      <div class="refCategoryContent">
         <ol type="1" start="1">
            <li>
               <p class="para_item">If G1Z and G2Z values are specified as zero or blank, then transverse shear flexibility calculations will not be performed, which is equivalent to zero shear flexibility (i.e., infinite shear stiffness). </p>
            </li>
            <li>
               <p class="para_item">An approximate value for G1Z and G2Z is the in-plane shear modulus G12.  If test data are not available to accurately determine G1Z and G2Z for the material and transverse shear calculations are deemed essential; the value of G12 may be supplied for G1Z and G2Z.  In SOL 106, linear and nonlinear elastic material properties in the residual structure will be updated as prescribed in the TEMPERATURE Case Control command. </p>
            </li>
            <li>
               <p class="para_item">Xt, Yt, and S are required for composite element failure calculations when requested in the FT field of the PCOMP entry.  Xc and Yc are also used but not required. </p>
            </li>
            <li>
               <p class="para_item">TREF and GE are ignored if this entry is referenced by a PCOMP entry. </p>
            </li>
            <li>
               <p class="para_item">TREF is used in two different ways: </p>
               <ul>
                  <li>
                     <p class="para_item">In nonlinear static analysis (SOL 106), TREF is used only for the calculation of a temperature-dependent thermal expansion coefficient.  The reference temperature for the calculation of thermal loads is obtained from the TEMPERATURE(INITIAL) set selection.  See Remark 10. in the MAT1 description. </p>
                  </li>
                  <li>
                     <p class="para_item">In all SOLs except 106, TREF is used only as the reference temperature for the calculation of thermal loads.  TEMPERATURE(INITIAL) may be used for this purpose, but TREF must then be blank. </p>
                  </li>
               </ul>
            </li>
            <li>
               <p class="para_item">If PARAM,W4 is not specified, GE is ignored in transient analysis.  See &ldquo;<b class="uiTerm">Parameters </b>&rdquo;.
               </p>
            </li>
         </ol>
      </div>
      <div class="title_refCategory">Remarks related to SOLs 601 and 701: </div>
      <div class="refCategoryContent">
         <ol type="1" start="1">
            <li>
               <p class="para_item">A1, A2, TREF, Xt, Xc, Yt, Yc, S, GE, F12, and STRN are ignored. </p>
            </li>
         </ol>
      </div>
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