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      <title>Flange Direction</title>
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      <div class="title_topic4" id="xps10_pagetitle">Flange Direction</div>
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      <div class="title_division">Description</div>
      <p class="para_division">Flanging in the same direction of the press travel is a down flange, and flanging in the opposite direction is an up flange.</p>
      <div class="title_division">Purpose</div>
      <p class="para_division">If all flanges are down then piercing is permitted. If any up flanges exist, then piercing may not be permitted.</p>
      <div class="title_division">Computational Method</div>
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            <p class="para_item">The direction of the flanges are determined. The direction is found by comparing the tangent at the end of a section cut with that of the direction the press is traveling. If the direction of the tangent and the press direction are the same, then we have a down flange. If opposite, the flange is up. Consider the picture below.</p>
            <p align="center"><img align="bottom" src="graphics/dfm_flange_direction_labeled.gif"></p>
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         <li>
            <p class="para_item">Use the Flange Direction table to determine if piercing will be permitted.</p>
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                     <p class="para_th">Flange Direction</p>
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                     <p class="para_td">All flanges down to direction of die.</p>
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                     <p class="para_td">Permits piercing in die.</p>
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                     <p class="para_td">All flanges up to direction of die.</p>
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                  <td bgcolor="#f4f4f4" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Piercing may not be permitted in die.</p>
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                     <p class="para_td">Flanges both up and down to direction of die.</p>
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                  <td bgcolor="#f4f4f4" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
                     <p class="para_td">Piercing may not be permitted in die.</p>
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      <div class="title_division">Cost Penalty</div>
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               <p class="para_th">Deviation</p>
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               <p class="para_th">Complexity Result</p>
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               <p class="para_th">Added Cost</p>
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            <th bgcolor="#c0c0c0" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
               <p class="para_th">Complexity Value</p>
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            <td bgcolor="#f4f4f4" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top">
               <p class="para_td">Flanges in opposite directions.</p>
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               <ul>
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                     <p class="para_item">...</p>
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                  <li>
                     <p class="para_item">...</p>
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               <p class="para_td">$XXX</p>
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               <p class="para_td">X</p>
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